Plant Biology: Maple Sugaring/Changing Enviro

See Schedule of Courses for specific titles.

Open to degree and PACE students Prereq: PBIO 2040 Van leaves Jeffords Hall at 12:30pm for PMRC, returning at 5:00pm Special Topics courses cannot carry CC designations.

This course takes a deep dive into the science and practice of maple sugaring, exploring how environmental changes impact every stage of the process—from maple-dominated forest ecosystems and tree physiology to sap collection and transformation. We will use the Proctor Maple Research Center (PMRC) in Underhill, with its 200-acre sugarwoods and almost 7,000 taps, as a living laboratory. All classes will take place at the PMRC and transport to and from campus is provided. Hands-on experience in the sugarwoods and sugarhouse will be complemented by lectures, discussions, and interactive activities. A lab component will challenge students to design and conduct experiments, applying scientific principles to real-world sugaring operations. While the sap will not be flowing, students can apply for internships in the spring to implement the experiments. Whether you are interested in forest ecophysiology, sustainable agriculture, or food systems, this course offers a unique opportunity to explore the rapidly evolving future of Vermont most iconic crop. Course goals 1. Scientific and ecological understanding 1.1 Understand how rising temperatures, invasive species, and changing disturbance and management regimes might affect maple sugaring. 1.2 Examine the role of sugarwoods in carbon sequestration, biodiversity, and long-term sustainability. 1.3 Learn the biological processes that allow maple trees to exude sap and how environmental conditions influence them. 2. Practical skills and hands-on learning 2.1Develop proficiency in sap collection and syrup production techniques – Gain hands-on experience with traditional and modern sugaring methods, from tapping trees to understanding tubing networks. 2.2 Use scientific tools and methods for sugaring research – Learn how to measure sap yield, analyze sugar content, and experiment with different collection techniques. 2.3 Design field-based research – Develop experiments related to sap production, tree health, or climate resilience. 3. Environmental & Agricultural Awareness 3.1 Evaluate the economic and cultural significance of maple sugaring – Discuss the role of sugaring in Vermont’s economy, its cultural heritage, and challenges for producers. 3.2 Develop critical thinking about food systems and sustainability – Connect maple sugaring to larger discussions on agriculture, sustainability, and forest-based economies.

Section expectations This course combines field-based and classroom learning, emphasizing hands-on experience at the Proctor Maple Research Center (PMRC) whenever possible, even during the off-season. In the field, students will engage in key aspects of maple sugaring, including sugarwood management, trees tapping, sap collection system monitoring, and data collection for ongoing research. Prior to participation, students will receive appropriate training and must adhere to all safety guidelines. Active involvement is essential, as much of the learning will occur through collaboration in small groups. In the classroom, sessions will combine lectures, discussions, and interactive activities. To ensure meaningful participation, students are expected to complete assigned readings and brief pre-class assignments in advance. The lab component will involve designing experiments on maple physiology and sugaring processes, requiring teamwork, critical thinking, curiosity, and adherence to research protocols. Class format This course once per week in a three-hour block, with an additional 45-minute transport to and from the Proctor Maple Research Center. While on-site, students will experience the sugarwoods, sugarhouse, and lab facilities to explore course content in a hands-on setting. Activities will include a mix of lectures, discussions, and field-based exercises designed to reinforce key concepts. Students will work in assigned groups to take measurements, analyze data, and engage in hands-on activities that connect theoretical knowledge to real-world applications. Because this course relies heavily on experiential learning, preparedness, participation, and collaboration are crucial for success.

Attendance & Participation (10%) – Active engagement in discussions, field activities, and group work. Pre-Lecture Homework (10%) – Short assignments completed before class to assess understanding of assigned readings and prepare for the days activites. Homework Assignments (25%) – Written or practical assignments submitted throughout the term to reinforce key concepts. Tests (30%) – Assessments given periodically to evaluate comprehension of course material. Presentations & Activities (25%) – Group or individual presentations and hands-on activities conducted throughout the term to apply and communicate learned concepts.